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Is the Internet revolutionizing how we read?

December 18, 2011 by RDesprez 3 Comments

The Inter­net may be chang­ing how we read and think, accord­ing to a five-year study by schol­ars at the Uni­ver­si­ty Col­lege London.

The schol­ars doc­u­ment­ed the behav­iour of vis­i­tors to two pop­u­lar research sites that pro­vide access to jour­nal arti­cles, e‑books, and oth­er sources of writ­ten infor­ma­tion. They found that peo­ple using the sites exhib­it­ed “a form of skim­ming activ­i­ty,” spring­ing from one source to anoth­er. More­over, vis­i­tors rarely returned to any source they’d already vis­it­ed. They typ­i­cal­ly read no more than one or two pages of an arti­cle or book before they would vis­it anoth­er site.

The authors of the study note: “It is clear that users are not read­ing online in the tra­di­tion­al sense; indeed there are signs that new forms of “read­ing” are emerg­ing as users “pow­er browse” hor­i­zon­tal­ly through titles, con­tents pages and abstracts going for quick wins. It almost seems that they go online to avoid read­ing in the tra­di­tion­al sense.”

Patrick Kings­ley of the Guardian wrote an arti­cle about this phe­nom­e­non: “…because of the Inter­net, we have become very good at col­lect­ing a wide range of fac­tu­al tid­bits, we are also grad­u­al­ly for­get­ting how to sit back, con­tem­plate, and relate all these facts to each other.”

When I am using the Inter­net, I typ­i­cal­ly skim con­tent and often feel rushed. Most of the time, I’m research­ing con­tent with a def­i­nite goal in mind—such as draft­ing an arti­cle like this one!

How does this change affect our writ­ing? Usabil­i­ty guru Jakob Nielsen found that most read­ers’ eyes focus on the action-ori­ent­ed con­tent, such as prod­uct fea­tures and bul­let­ed lists. If read­ers encounter intro­duc­to­ry text on web pages, users often skip it. Nielsen calls intro­duc­to­ry para­graphs “blah-blah text.”

But intro­duc­to­ry text does have a role. He writes: “A brief intro­duc­tion can help users bet­ter under­stand the rest of the page. Even if they skip it ini­tial­ly, they might return lat­er if it does­n’t look intim­i­dat­ing­ly long and dense.”

He rec­om­mends writ­ers include the fol­low­ing content:
1) What’s the page about? A brief intro­duc­tion can help users bet­ter under­stand the rest of the page.
2) Why should read­ers care? What’s in it for them?

In this age of hur­ried read­ing, Nielsen’s research makes sense to me. Still with me?

Filed Under: Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog, Usability Tagged With: comprehension, Online Reading, Usability

Ruthlessly edit when writing for mobile

November 27, 2011 by RDesprez 1 Comment

Imag­ine you have a den­tal appoint­ment and you arrive ear­ly. To kill the time, you might skim a copy of Newsweek that’s sit­ting in the wait­ing room. Or, if you are like mil­lions of peo­ple with a smart­phone, you might start perus­ing your e‑mail, surf­ing the Inter­net, or see­ing what’s new on Facebook.

Usabil­i­ty guru Jakob Nielsen com­plet­ed research that shows con­sumers are using mobile phones as time killers, per­fect for when you have five min­utes to spare. The same study also showed that peo­ple are impa­tient with any­thing that’s per­ceived as “ver­bosi­ty.”

In a typ­i­cal news­pa­per arti­cle, it’s not uncom­mon for a reporter to inter­view two to four sources when writ­ing about a nat­ur­al dis­as­ter, such as a hur­ri­cane. When con­sumers are read­ing the hur­ri­cane sto­ry on a mobile phone, they per­ceive those extra view­points as extraneous.

What does all this mean for tech­ni­cal writ­ers? If you’re writ­ing any con­tent that will be appear on a mobile phone, con­sumers want writ­ers to get to the point quickly.

It seems that peo­ple want less and less con­tent. Years ago, Nielsen rec­om­mend­ed that if you write 500 words for a print­ed doc­u­ment, prune that same mes­sage to 250 words when it’s read online. This lat­est study seems to sug­gest that we should be even more ruth­less when it comes to sum­ma­riz­ing our main messages.

It’s not sur­pris­ing that peo­ple want key mes­sages, not lengthy, nuanced expo­si­tion. Many North Amer­i­cans are feel­ing inun­dat­ed with infor­ma­tion, suf­fer­ing from “infobe­si­ty” (see my ear­li­er arti­cle about the top­ic). Many North Amer­i­cans also strug­gle with literacy—Canada has an illit­er­ate and semi­lit­er­ate pop­u­la­tion esti­mat­ed at 42 per­cent of the whole, a pro­por­tion that mir­rors that of the U.S. We’re also dis­tract­ed. It’s not uncom­mon to be “spend­ing time” with some­one when they’re furtive­ly star­ing down at their iPhone or Blackberry.

Like it or loathe it, more and more peo­ple are using smart­phones to get their infor­ma­tion. If you’re writ­ing online assis­tance for mobile users, you need to sum­ma­rize your mes­sages down to bite-sized chunks. Joe Welinske, the pres­i­dent of Writ­er­sUA, recent­ly wrote a series of webi­na­rs about mobile user assis­tance. In his book Devel­op­ing User Assis­tance For Mobile Apps, Welinske writes, “The sin­gle most impor­tant thing I have learned in my work with mobile apps is that bring­ing over Help designs from desk­top appli­ca­tions is a real­ly bad idea.”

So when you’re author­ing con­tent for a mobile envi­ron­ment, be ruth­less with your edit­ing. Imag­ine you are writ­ing for Twitter.

Here’s the full arti­cle about Nielsen’s research.

Filed Under: Online Writing for Mobile, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: mobile, online writing, smartphones

New technical writing e‑newsletter

November 15, 2011 by RDesprez Leave a Comment


I’m pleased to launch an e‑newsletter that focus­es on using estab­lished and up-and-com­ing tech­nol­o­gy to con­nect and com­mu­ni­cate with your audi­ence. Some of the top­ics I plan to address include:

  • Cre­at­ing user assis­tance for mobile phones.
  • Using tech­nol­o­gy to con­nect with users.
  • Lever­ag­ing Web 2.0 with your documentation.
  • Explor­ing some of the chang­ing aspects of Online Help.
  • And more.

If you find these top­ics inter­est­ing, please sub­scribe. It’s free. And I take your pri­va­cy seriously.

Filed Under: Online Reading, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: e-newsletter, technology, writing

Users struggle with comprehension using mobile phones

October 29, 2011 by RDesprez 1 Comment

Con­sumers love their smart phones but research com­plet­ed this ear­li­er this year showed that com­pre­hen­sion lev­els for “com­pli­cat­ed” web con­tent were 48 per­cent of desk­top scores.

The study per­formed by R.I. Singh from the Uni­ver­si­ty of Alber­ta found that read­ers strug­gled with read­ing the pri­va­cy poli­cies of 10 pop­u­lar web sites—including Google’s and Microsoft’s—and found that the con­tent was too com­pli­cat­ed. I’m not sur­prised. Last time I skimmed a pri­va­cy pol­i­cy (in fact, I try to avoid read­ing them) it seemed that it was writ­ten by a squad of lawyers. Facebook’s pri­va­cy pol­i­cy was a mind-numb­ing 5,789 words!

The study found that com­pre­hen­sion lev­els were low­er pri­mar­i­ly because of the mobile phone’s small­er size. Users can see less at any giv­en moment and they some­times must scroll around a page, which is distracting.

Usabil­i­ty guru Jakob Nielsen’s arti­cle also states that it’s chal­leng­ing to use mobile phones for the fol­low­ing reasons:
* Slug­gish downloads.
* No phys­i­cal key­board for data entry. Writ­ing a short e‑mail or text is tol­er­a­ble on an iPhone. A longer doc­u­ment quick­ly becomes tedious.
* No mouse for selection.
* Web sites are still fre­quent­ly designed for desk­top and lap­top use.

It seems that once con­sumers buy a smart phone, they love it. Peo­ple often pro­claim that they can’t believe they lived with­out one. But for all the con­ve­nience and the abil­i­ty to com­mu­ni­cate almost any­where, it seems that we have a long way to go to make web con­tent easy to under­stand on mobile phones.

Tech­ni­cal writ­ers are ide­al­ly suit­ed to help ensure that con­tent is opti­mized for mobile use.

Here’s Nielsen’s full article.

Filed Under: Online Writing for Mobile, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: mobile, Online Reading, smartphones

Would Faceted Search Assist Your Users?

October 10, 2011 by RDesprez 1 Comment

Google’s search engine pars­es through mil­lions of web pages and still deliv­ers amaz­ing search results.

Still, even Google’s search algo­rithm has its lim­its. With more and more web con­tent avail­able every day, you can see why Google offered addi­tion­al fil­ters to help you nar­row your search results. For exam­ple, if you’re look­ing for pic­tures of pump­kins, you can type “pump­kins” in the search field and click Images. Alter­na­tive­ly, if you’re inter­est­ed in the lat­est books about Thanks­giv­ing, you can search for that term and click Books.

Com­pa­nies, such as Dell, have used this technique—called faceted search—for some time.  For exam­ple, on Dell’s web site you can search for a lap­top or desk­top com­put­er. Alter­na­tive­ly, you can use the fil­ters to help you search by prod­uct cat­e­go­ry, proces­sor, screen size, weight, and so on.

For users, this pro­vides a lot of ben­e­fits includ­ing the abil­i­ty to be much more spe­cif­ic when look­ing for cer­tain types of content.

Faceted Search and Tech­ni­cal Communication

There has not been a lot of dis­cus­sion about faceted search and tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion. I believe that if your help sys­tem is large (for exam­ple, more than 500 top­ics), a faceted search could help your users search by top­ic type (such as trou­bleshoot­ing con­tent, pro­ce­dures, and con­cep­tu­al mate­r­i­al), train­ing vs. tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion con­tent, HTML ver­sus PDF guides, and so on.

There are, how­ev­er, a few prob­lems with using faceted search with the cur­rent Help Author­ing Tools.

First, most Help Author­ing Tools don’t offer faceted search. So unless you’re using a tool that does offer the func­tion­al­i­ty, you won’t be able to pro­vide it to your users. It’s worth men­tion­ing that Mad­Cap Flare does offer a form of faceted search in its product.

Sec­ond, in my expe­ri­ence, the search in Help Author­ing Tools isn’t great. For many years, Google’s search engine has set the stan­dard for find­ing con­tent online. In con­trast, the out-of-the box search found in a Help Author­ing Tool is mediocre.

Third, I find it’s hard to cus­tomize the search engine in a Help Author­ing Tool. RoboHelp’s search does allow you to tweak con­tent but the last time I looked into it, the search engine is large­ly a black box that isn’t meant to be sig­nif­i­cant­ly customized.

What do you think? Would faceted search help your users? Should it be it avail­able in all Help Author­ing Tools?

Filed Under: Help Authoring Tools, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: faceted search, Help Authoring Tools, Madcap Flare, RoboHelp, Search engines

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About Robert Desprez

I have worked as a Vancouver technical writer for more than 20 years, working at some of British Columbia's largest high-tech firms. I have served in leadership positions for the Society for Technical Communication and have worked as a writing instructor at Vancouver's Simon Fraser University.

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Vancouver Technical Writer. Former Instructor at Simon Fraser University. Dog Lover. Coffee Drinker. Tennis and Piano Player.

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About Me

Robert Desprez I have worked as a Vancouver technical writer for more than 20 years, working at Kodak, Boeing, Teck Resources, and FortisBC. In addition, I have worked as a writing instructor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver.

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