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Three Challenges of Writing for Mobile

November 30, 2017 by RDesprez Leave a Comment

Now that Android is the lead­ing oper­at­ing sys­tem used to con­nect to the Inter­net, tech­ni­cal writ­ers need to seri­ous­ly look at how their con­tent is being dis­played on smart­phones and tablets.

For years, smart­phone and tablet use has sky­rock­et­ed.  In 2016, the num­ber of smart­phone users was expect­ed to sur­pass 2 bil­lion (source: eMar­keter). Sim­i­lar­ly, there are about 1.5 bil­lion peo­ple who are expect­ed to use a tablet by 2019 (source: eMar­keter). Ear­li­er this year, Android has edged out Win­dows as the num­ber one oper­at­ing sys­tem used to access the Inter­net.

Mean­while, tech­ni­cal writ­ers appear to be slow to embrace mobile. In one study com­plet­ed last year of more than 700 tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion pro­fes­sion­als, only 24 per­cent of tech­ni­cal writ­ers pub­lish con­tent that would be con­sid­ered “mobile ready.”

Although there may be an unde­ni­able user demand for every­thing mobile, prepar­ing con­tent has its share of challenges.

Challenge Number One: Small Screen

In spite of the mod­ern trend towards larg­er-screen phones, what makes mobile phones so con­ve­nient and portable is their small size. Com­pared with desk­top and even lap­top screens, phone screens accom­mo­date a lot less content—see the fol­low­ing illus­tra­tion com­par­ing the sizes of mon­i­tors, tablets, and smartphones.

As a result, mobile users must work hard­er to access the same infor­ma­tion and rely on their short-term mem­o­ry to refer to infor­ma­tion that is not vis­i­ble on the screen.

One way to mit­i­gate users’ small screens is to embrace brevi­ty. One usabil­i­ty con­sul­tant rec­om­mend­ed that if you write 100 words for a print-based doc­u­ment, con­sid­er writ­ing 50 words for the web. For mobile, aim to reduce the word count even more.

Challenge Number Two: Comprehension

Jakob Nielsen, a usabil­i­ty con­sul­tant, has per­formed some stud­ies on user com­pre­hen­sion lev­els on mobile devices.

In a recent study, he found that, on aver­age, com­pre­hen­sion scores were slight­ly high­er when users read the arti­cles on mobile devices. How­ev­er, dif­fi­cult con­tent may cause low­er com­pre­hen­sion on mobile.

The dif­fi­cul­ty of the arti­cles (“easy” or “hard”) was deter­mined by the num­ber of words and the dif­fi­cul­ty of the lan­guage used (accord­ing to the Flesch-Kin­caid read­ing-lev­el for­mu­la). All of the arti­cles were pre­sent­ed as HTML pages cre­at­ed from the same sim­ple design template.

Easy pas­sages were read about as fast on both devices, but hard pas­sages actu­al­ly took longer to read on a mobile device ver­sus a com­put­er.  Easy arti­cles were about 400 words and writ­ten at a Grade 8 lev­el. Hard arti­cles were just under 1,000 arti­cles and at a Grade 12 level.

I would argue that tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion would typ­i­cal­ly fall into the hard category.

The take­away for me is again to sim­pli­fy your con­tent and to get to the point. You’re ask­ing a lot if you write a 1,000-word arti­cle when you know that some users will be read­ing the con­tent on a 5‑inch screen.

Challenge Number Three: Distraction Levels

Smart­phones have rev­o­lu­tion­ized how we live. But as mobile phones are portable, we are more like­ly to be inter­rupt­ed when using them. Nielsen notes that the aver­age user may be using a desk­top for more than 150 sec­onds while the aver­age mobile ses­sion dura­tion is just 72 seconds.

Nielsen rec­om­mends:

  • Allow users to save his­to­ry, as well as to email or share infor­ma­tion with them­selves or others.
  • Pri­or­i­tize what is essen­tial on a page and sim­pli­fy tasks and inter­ac­tions. Because atten­tion is frag­ment­ed, strive to show users what they need as soon as possible.

As users are more and more like­ly to read tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion on a mobile device, it’s an excit­ing time for tech­ni­cal writ­ers to learn new skills and approaches.

Filed Under: Career Development, Online Writing for Mobile, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog, Technology Tagged With: mobile, research, smartphones, tablets, technical communications, technical writing, writing

Are you settling for too little?

July 25, 2013 by RDesprez 2 Comments

Remem­ber the Greek myth of Icarus?

Mas­ter craft­man Daedalus craft­ed a set of wings made out of wax and feath­ers for his son, Icarus, so that he could escape Crete. Daedalus warned his son not to fly too close to the sun or his wings would melt. Icarus didn’t heed his father’s advice and end­ed up soar­ing too high. His wings melt­ed, he plum­met­ed to the ocean, and died.

The cau­tion­ary tale that we learned from the sto­ry: lis­ten to your par­ents, don’t dis­obey your elders, and don’t dis­re­gard the rules.

Writer and busi­ness mar­keter Seth Godin argues in his book The Icarus Decep­tion that there’s anoth­er part of the myth that isn’t wide­ly known. Daedalus also remind­ed his son not to fly too close to the ocean because the water would ruin his wings.

Writes Godin: “It’s far more dan­ger­ous to fly too low than too high, because it feels safe to fly low. We set­tle for low expec­ta­tions and small dreams and guar­an­tee our­selves less than we are capa­ble of. By fly­ing too low, we short­change not only our­selves but also those who depend on us or might ben­e­fit from our work.”

Image of Icarus

He argues that cit­i­zens need to fly high­er than ever, not “play it safe.” He spends most of the book argu­ing that economies reward art, not com­pli­ance. In the past, work­ers were reward­ed for play­ing by the rules. Not any more.

Godin argues that the fol­low­ing traits are impor­tant in the new economy:

Trust and per­mis­sion: We do busi­ness with those indi­vid­u­als and orga­ni­za­tions that have earned our atten­tion. “We seek out peo­ple who tell us sto­ries that res­onate, we lis­ten to those sto­ries, and we engage with those people…who delight.”

Remark­a­bil­i­ty: We are drawn to those com­pa­nies or indi­vid­u­als that stand out, who are dif­fer­ent. No one sits around talk­ing about the com­pa­ny or per­son who blends in with every­one else.

Lead­er­ship: Lead­ers are com­pa­nies and indi­vid­u­als who take risks and take us all to a dif­fer­ent place. An obvi­ous exam­ple is Steve Jobs, who rev­o­lu­tion­ized how we lis­ten to music and over­saw the cre­ation of the iPhone and iPad.

Sto­ries that spread: This involves deliv­er­ing a mes­sage that is worth­while to spread. “After trust is earned and your work is seen, only a frac­tion of it is mag­i­cal enough to be worth spread­ing. Again this mag­ic is the work of the human artist, not the cor­po­rate machine,” writes Godin.

Human­i­ty: Instead of focus­ing on just the cheap­est prod­uct, we focus on orig­i­nal­i­ty and car­ing instead.

How do these traits apply to tech­ni­cal communications?

Cred­i­bil­i­ty and trust: We must ensure that the con­tent that we write is tech­ni­cal­ly accu­rate. Not real­ly sur­pris­ing, giv­en that this is the pri­ma­ry respon­si­bil­i­ty of our jobs. When I start­ed in this career, I tend­ed to rely on Sub­ject Mat­ter Experts to vet my con­tent. Some SMEs are excel­lent at review­ing tech­ni­cal doc­u­ments; most don’t have the time or inter­est to review large doc­u­ments. I real­ized that it’s ulti­mate­ly up to me to make sure the con­tent is as accu­rate as pos­si­ble. Over time, I try to immerse myself in the sub­ject so that I become a qua­si-SME on a sub­ject.  In addi­tion, I strive to do what I say I will do. It is sim­ple advice but it’s sur­pris­ing how many peo­ple will say one thing and do anoth­er. Or do nothing.

Remark­a­bil­i­ty: Scan most tech­ni­cal com­mu­ni­ca­tion job adver­tise­ments and com­pa­nies want some vari­a­tion of the fol­low­ing skills:

  • Expe­ri­ence with dif­fer­ent author­ing tools: Word, FrameMak­er, Mad­cap Flare, Acro­bat, Robo­Help, Share­Point, Cap­ti­vate, and so on.
  • Demon­strat­ed writ­ing skills and a relat­ed cer­tifi­cate or degree.
  • Abil­i­ty to jug­gle mul­ti­ple priorities.
  • Abil­i­ty to work well with others.
  • Demon­strat­ed self-starter.
  • And so on…

For a giv­en job, let’s say 20 can­di­dates apply for the job, includ­ing you. How are you dif­fer­ent? What skills and per­son­al­i­ty do you pos­sess that are dif­fer­ent than the oth­er can­di­dates? Being the same as every­one else—essentially blend­ing in—is not a strength. Per­haps you have expe­ri­ence writ­ing con­tent for mobile? Have you worked as an instruc­tion­al design­er or busi­ness ana­lyst? Do you have deep domain knowl­edge on a giv­en sub­ject? Is your atti­tude a dif­fer­en­tia­tor? Do you guar­an­tee your work?

I’d sug­gest you think about and cul­ti­vate your dif­fer­en­tia­tors so you stand out from the pack.

Mak­ing con­nec­tions: Tech­ni­cal writ­ers gen­er­al­ly aren’t the life of the par­ty. They don’t go out of their way to con­nect with oth­ers. They focus on their deliv­er­ables, not fos­ter­ing a network.

There are excep­tions. There’s one writer I know who real­ly makes an effort to meet oth­ers for a cof­fee. He enjoys it. And he ben­e­fits from this effort: he fre­quent­ly hears of con­tract jobs before they are adver­tised. Oth­er writ­ers rec­og­nize that he excels at networking.

As writ­ers, we could all ben­e­fit from mak­ing con­nec­tions with oth­ers, whether it’s anoth­er writer, or anoth­er con­trac­tor on your team, or a poten­tial employer.

Do you agree? How can tech­ni­cal writ­ers demon­strate trust, remark­a­bil­i­ty, lead­er­ship, sto­ry­telling, and an abil­i­ty to make connections?

Filed Under: Career Development Tagged With: career development, technical writers, writing

New technical writing e‑newsletter

November 15, 2011 by RDesprez Leave a Comment


I’m pleased to launch an e‑newsletter that focus­es on using estab­lished and up-and-com­ing tech­nol­o­gy to con­nect and com­mu­ni­cate with your audi­ence. Some of the top­ics I plan to address include:

  • Cre­at­ing user assis­tance for mobile phones.
  • Using tech­nol­o­gy to con­nect with users.
  • Lever­ag­ing Web 2.0 with your documentation.
  • Explor­ing some of the chang­ing aspects of Online Help.
  • And more.

If you find these top­ics inter­est­ing, please sub­scribe. It’s free. And I take your pri­va­cy seriously.

Filed Under: Online Reading, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: e-newsletter, technology, writing

COULD TECHNICAL WRITING BE PERFORMED BY SOFTWARE?

September 22, 2011 by RDesprez 7 Comments

Do you think a soft­ware pro­gram could per­form your job?

Before you scoff, a U.S.-based com­pa­ny has cre­at­ed an algo­rithm that takes data, like sports sta­tis­tics, com­pa­ny finan­cial reports, and hous­ing starts, and turns them into news­pa­per articles.

The code is the work of Nar­ra­tive Sci­ence, offer­ing proof of the progress of arti­fi­cial intelligence—the abil­i­ty of com­put­ers to mim­ic human reasoning.

The New York Times wrote about the com­pa­ny this month: “For years, pro­gram­mers have exper­i­ment­ed with soft­ware that wrote such arti­cles, typ­i­cal­ly for sports events, but these efforts had a for­mu­la­ic, fill-in-the-blank style. They read as if a machine wrote them…[but] arti­cles pro­duced by Nar­ra­tive Sci­ence are different.”

Here’s an exam­ple writ­ten by the software:

“WISCONSIN appears to be in the driver’s seat en route to a win, as it leads 51–10 after the third quar­ter. Wis­con­sin added to its lead when Rus­sell Wil­son found Jacob Ped­er­sen for an eight-yard touch­down to make the score 44–3 …”

Not too shab­by, con­sid­er­ing it was writ­ten by software.

The com­pa­ny appar­ent­ly has 20 clients so far. On its web site, the com­pa­ny notes that the tech­nol­o­gy is being used for sports sto­ries, finan­cial reports, real estate analy­ses, sales and oper­a­tions reports, and mar­ket research con­tent. No men­tion of tech­ni­cal writ­ing but I don’t see why it couldn’t be used for some documents.

I believe that the tech­nol­o­gy could be used for doc­u­ment­ing bug fix­es and new fea­tures that might appear in Release Notes. Of course, there are many things that a writer does every day—such as project man­age­ment and interviewing—that would be dif­fi­cult for a piece of soft­ware to emulate.

This arti­cle reminds me of a blog entry I wrote last year: “In short, some of the high­ly ana­lyt­i­cal jobs are becom­ing com­modi­ties that can be per­formed by a com­put­er or an inex­pen­sive work­er in Asia.” See my ear­li­er blog entry.

What do you think? Could a piece of soft­ware poten­tial­ly write some of your content?

Filed Under: Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog, Technology Tagged With: software, technology, writing

GOOD PRACTICES FOR CREATING ONLINE HELP FOR MOBILE DEVICES

May 21, 2011 by RDesprez 8 Comments

I believe that tech­ni­cal writ­ers will need to think more and more about cre­at­ing online help for mobile devices as smart­phone sales sky­rock­et. Accord­ing to the Pew Research ser­vice, mobile devices will be the pri­ma­ry con­nec­tion tool to the Inter­net for most peo­ple by 2020.

With that in mind, I’ve start­ed read­ing more about cre­at­ing user assis­tance for mobile appli­ca­tions. Joe Welinske, the pres­i­dent of Writ­er­sUA, recent­ly wrote a series of webi­na­rs about mobile user assis­tance. I pur­chased the first webi­nar titled “UA in Mobile Plat­forms.” In it Welinske writes, “The sin­gle most impor­tant thing I have learned in my work with mobile apps is that bring­ing over Help designs from desk­top appli­ca­tions is a real­ly bad idea.”

So what are some good prac­tices for cre­at­ing help on mobile appli­ca­tions? As I am just learn­ing about the sub­ject myself, here are some rec­om­men­da­tions that I’ve gleaned. One real­ly good arti­cle on the sub­ject is “A User-Cen­tered Approach to Web Design For Mobile Devices” by Lyn­don Cere­jo. Here are some of Cerejo’s and Welinske’s rec­om­men­da­tions that can be applied to help:

Design for a small screen size

Unfor­tu­nate­ly, there is not one stan­dard screen size (this reminds me of the brows­er wars from years ago). To com­pli­cate mat­ters, some phones can change ori­en­ta­tion and users expect the web site to resize accordingly.

Simplify navigation

  • Reduce the num­ber of cat­e­gories and lev­els of nav­i­ga­tion, and rearrange con­tent based on pri­or­i­ty, pre­sent­ing the most impor­tant cat­e­gories first.
  • Use clear, con­cise and con­sis­tent labels for nav­i­ga­tion across the site.
  • When design­ing for touch, make sure the tap size (width or height) for the nav­i­ga­tion item is at least 30 pixels.
  • Bread­crumbs are usu­al­ly not used on mobile sites since nav­i­ga­tion is not usu­al­ly so deep that users need a trail back.
  • Make links obvi­ous, and pro­vide clear and imme­di­ate visu­al feed­back to show the select­ed link.
  • Be suc­cinct because of the small screen size.
  • Use short and descrip­tive titles for your pages.
  • If you must include scrolling, scroll in only one direc­tion. Most mobile sites scroll vertically.

Design for intermittent connectivity

Cell phone com­pa­nies are offer­ing faster net­works but it doesn’t mean the ser­vice is always avail­able. And not all users have unlim­it­ed data plans. So make sure that pages can be loaded quick­ly on a mobile device, and that images are rel­a­tive­ly small.

Search and indexes

Welinske believes index­ing and search tech­niques are of less use in mobile appli­ca­tions. “If a user needs to search for Help con­tent, then the user assis­tance is far too large.”

Design for a distracted user

Cere­jo argues that you can­not con­trol where cus­tomers will use the phone or even how it will be used. Here’s a quote from his arti­cle: “Pic­ture a mobile user try­ing to find direc­tions using a tiny phone with inter­mit­tent con­nec­tiv­i­ty, while strap hang­ing and sway­ing in a sub­way train with sub-opti­mal light­ing con­di­tions, deaf­ened by the screech­ing of wheels on tracks — that gives you some con­text of use. Sim­ply put, con­text is about the envi­ron­ment and con­di­tions of usage, includ­ing dis­trac­tions, mul­ti­task­ing, motion, light­ing con­di­tions and poor connectivity.”

Summary

In the next decade, most peo­ple will be using their cell phones to con­nect to the Inter­net. If this pre­dic­tion holds true, tech­ni­cal writ­ers will need to mas­ter deliv­er­ing help on smart­phones too. It will be an excit­ing and chal­leng­ing ride.

Filed Under: Online Writing for Mobile, Robert Desprez | Vancouver technical writer | Blog Tagged With: best practices, mobile, smartphones, writing

About Robert Desprez

I have worked as a Vancouver technical writer for more than 20 years, working at some of British Columbia's largest high-tech firms. I have served in leadership positions for the Society for Technical Communication and have worked as a writing instructor at Vancouver's Simon Fraser University.

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Vancouver Technical Writer. Former Instructor at Simon Fraser University. Dog Lover. Coffee Drinker. Tennis and Piano Player.

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About Me

Robert Desprez I have worked as a Vancouver technical writer for more than 20 years, working at Kodak, Boeing, Teck Resources, and FortisBC. In addition, I have worked as a writing instructor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver.

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